An Overview of the Word Scholarship Essay Sample

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Domestic Violence against South Asian Women

Introduction The domestic violence against women continues to attract the attention of medical professionals and public administrators. according to Ahmed (2009), â€Å"domestic violence is a global phenomenon occurring among people of all races, ages, socioeconomic status, educational and religious backgrounds† (p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Domestic Violence against South Asian Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such cases are particularly widespread in South Asian communities. This paper will be discussing the causes and magnitude of this problem from socio-environmental perspective. More importantly, it is aimed at developing a specific plan that would help the victims of home abuse and minimize the occurrence of such cases. Overall, nurses can greatly contribute to the resolution of this problem. Domestic violence as a socio-environmental health issue Statistical data indicate th at the magnitude of this problem is really alarming. For instance, according to the study conducted by Adam Najma and Paul Schewe, more than 77 percent of immigrant Pakistani and Indian women experienced some form of domestic violence (2007, p. 13). Furthermore, this study relies primarily on the reported case of spousal abuse. Many of these cases could go undocumented. As it has been identified in the study by Aisha Gill (2004), many victims fail report family abuse because they believe that their male partners are virtually â€Å"all-powerful† or â€Å"immune† to any intervention even from the police (p. 475). Thus, they may simply fear to share their experiences with social workers or nurses (Izzidian, 2008). This issue can become even more urgent if we consider that Indian immigrants are one of the fastest growing populations in many developed countries such as the United States (Liao, 2006, p. 24). There are various theories which strive to explain the causes of d omestic violence. One of them is the resource theory developed by William Goode (Goode as cited in Cane Kritzer, 2010, p. 228). According to this approach, the victims are primarily those women, who are financially dependent on their partners. Hence, they might be afraid of living their husbands even if they abuse them. This theory may not explain the actual cause of violence but it helps to identify some factors which contribute to it (Sokoloff Pratt, 2005, p. 166). In part, this hypothesis is confirmed by the statistical findings.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To elaborate this theory, one should look at educational background of the victims and determine if they act as breadwinners. The research carried out by Bowlus Seitz (2006) suggests that employment can significantly reduce the likelihood of domestic violence (p. 1120). In particular, only 8.9 percent of th ose women, who reported spousal abuse, were employed on a full time basis (Bowlus Seitz, 2006, 1120). Hence, one can say that this hypothesis is supported by empirical findings. However, the resource theory may not be sufficient for complete explanation of this problem. One should also take into consideration in some communities, domestic violence can be tolerated. To a great extent, such tolerance is based on a racist premise that women must submit to the will of their husbands. In this regard, violence becomes one of the public health concerns, as it is stated in Lundy Janes (2009, p. 509). Thus, one should not overlook cultural background of families. For example, the surveys of many Asian Indian women show that from victims’ perspective, an ideal wife should â€Å"unquestioningly sacrifice to the demands of the husband† (Liao, 2006, p. 26). As a rule, such families are patriarchal and the husband acts as a main decision-maker. This is circumstance which is usuall y associated with domestic violence. Besides, one should not forget that in many Asian communities top priority is given to â€Å"family honor† which means that the victims can find it shameful to disclose domestic violence. They may not report spousal abuse for approximately seven years (Liao, 2006, p. 27). Another issue that should be taken into account is that the victims are often separated from their closest relatives, especially parents. In part, their high tolerance of domestic violence can be explained by the fact they have nowhere else to go. Finally, one should not disregard such factor as the loss of social status. The problem is that many immigrants coming from Asian countries cannot secure a job that would fit their professional education. Some of them have to do menial jobs, and these men believe that they occupy an undeservedly low place in the social hierarchy (Liao 2006, p 27; Stretch, 2003, p. 141). Therefore, they attempt to raise their self-esteem by means of force and violence (Lawrence, 1994, p. 48). Thus, while speaking about the propensity to violence, one should determine the extent to which the family assimilated into a foreign society. On the whole, this discussion shows that there are several conditions which can lead to domestic violence: 1) women’s unemployment and lack of financial resources; 2) high tolerance of violence within the family and the community; 3) loss of social status, and 4) patriarchic structure of the family. These factors are extremely important for the identification of those women who are likely to suffer from domestic violence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Domestic Violence against South Asian Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intervention plan In this case, nursing intervention has to be based on the population health model. The main advantage of this approach is that it takes into account economic and soc ial environment of a person, namely education, income, employment, culture, and social support (Kovner, Knockman, Weisfeld, 2011, p. 86). As it has been shown in the previous section these environmental factors are closely related to domestic abuse. Nurses and other healthcare professionals should overcome several obstacles which prevent victims of domestic abuse from looking for help. The first barrier is lack of knowledge about those institutions which can protect women from abuse (Hamberger, 2004, p. 179). In other words, many women do not know who can help them and how. This is the reasons why they do not tell about the instances of domestic abuse to nurses, social workers or physicians. The second barrier is the fear of retribution. The thing is that many victims do not even to consult nurses, physicians, or consultants because they believe that the disclosure of abuse will result in retaliation (Hamberger, 2004, p. 179). In addition, lack of trust toward healthcare providers can prevent the victims from telling about their experiences. These are the main obstacles that nurses and social workers should overcome. The plan proposed in this paper seeks to build health public policy and strengthen community actions against domestic abuse. One of its tasks is to create an environment in which South Asian women or any other victims of violence will not feel helpless and alienated. Finally, it is vital that these women acquire or develop personal and coping skills. Overall, there are several important things that can be done by public administrators in order to protect women from abuse. First, nurses and counselors must carefully study the reports and criminal records related to spousal abuse. On the basis of this information they will be able to single out at-risk families or communities, for example, South Asian communities. The second important stage is screening intervention. At this point, nurses begin to play the most crucial role. They must be able to as sess psychological and physical state of women. In part, it can be done by the use of various questionnaires which help to evaluate the relations between the partners. Moreover, nurses must determine whether the physical symptoms of a woman can be related to domestic abuse. Provided that there is some evidence indicating at domestic violence, for example, bruises or depressed state of the patient, the nurse tell the victim what kind of organizations can help her (Humphrey Campbell, 2010, p. 61). Nurses must properly document the results of their assessment since this evidence will important for legal protection of the victim.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important intervention is safeguarding. It is essentially aimed at limiting the contacts of an alleged victim with the perpetrator. If there is an explicit threat to her health or life, she must be isolated from her husband. In some cases, she and her children must be providing with temporary accommodation (Humphrey Campbell, 2010 p 61). The third stage consists of two important interventions namely counseling and legal protection. The victim of abuse must acquire the skills for coping with traumatic experiences. She should be able to talk to her extended family or peers in order to recover at least particularly. This person must receive counseling from nurses at the initial stages of intervention. It is of crucial importance that nurses encourage the victims to voice their complaints (Timby, 2009, p. 15). At later stages, group counseling services must be provided by certified therapists. It should be noted that these interventions must be accompanied by a set of preventiv e measures. In particular, it is necessary to raise the community awareness about domestic abuse. In part, it can be done by issuing educational leaflets (Shipway, 2004, p. 108). Those women, who live in the at-risk communities, must know that they will not be left to their own devices. These leaflets can be distributed by community nurses as well the workers of non-governmental organizations. One must not disregard financial aspects of spousal abuse. As it has been shown in the previous part of the paper, many of these women are financially dependent on their husbands. Thus, the government should help them with employment and offer some vocational training. Only in this way, the victims will become more self-sufficient. These are the main interventions that can resolve the problem of physical abuse. They have to attain three important objectives: 1) the protection of women; 2) the prevention of abuse; and 3) recovery of victims. Required Health nursing roles and ideas Thus, it is p ossible to argue that nurses can significantly contribute to the implementation of this plan. Under circumstances, he/she should act as an assessor of patient’s mental or physical health, counselor, and coordinator. These are the roles which nurses often perform (Forster, 2001, p. 22). However, one should take into consideration that they will be dealing with people whose cultural background can be different. This is why many authors stress the importance of cultural competence (Nagelclerkm, 2000, p. 200; Liao, 2006). This term can be explained as the ability to recognize and respect cultural distinctions of the patient. In particular, the nurse must know how South Asian women view family, gender roles, equality of sexes and so forth. Another important issue is the language barrier. In many cases, the victims of abuse may not be proficient in the English language; thus, a nurse should be able to communicate in this language. Furthermore, this healthcare professional must unde rstand non-verbal communication of these women. The thing is that gestures, posture, personal appearance, facial expressions can tell very much about mental health of a patient (Aquino, 2008, p. 165). This skill is of vital importance for screening. As a counselor, he/she must be able to establish rapport with this patient. Therefore, one can argue a nurse must have in-depth knowledge of socio-cultural environment of South Asian women in order to detect or prevent the instances of spousal abuse. Hence, the roles and skills of nurses are very diverse. The Strengths and weaknesses of the plan The main strength of this plan is that it takes into account social and cultural environment of women suffering from domestic abuse, because, as it is stated by Yolanda R. Davila, † domestic violence is recognized as a priority women’s health issue† (2005, p. 1). Secondly, it is based on cooperation of nurses, counselors, public administrators, and non-governmental organization s. Such cooperation can be essential for the success. Furthermore, this plan may not only protect the victims, but prevent the occurrence of domestic violence. Finally, the implementation of these strategies can make women suffering from spousal abuse more self-sufficient. This argument is particularly important when we speak about employment assistance that will be offered to these victims. Again, this strategy is premised on the idea that domestic violence can be explained by the financial dependence of women in these communities. Yet, there is some limitation or weakness, namely, this plan requires considerable financial support of the government. In order to offer psychological and legal counseling to these South Asian women, the government will require have to make significant expenditures. However, this weakness can be minimized by attracting non-governmental organizations. Moreover, this problem can be resolved by partnering with those institutions which provide vocational tr aining to unemployed people. Reference List Adam, N. M., Schewe, P. A. (2007). A Multilevel Framework Exploring Domestic Violence Against Immigrant Indian and Pakistani Women in the United States. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 2(1), 5-20. Aquino, A. (2008). Speech and Oral Communication for Nursing 2008 Ed. NY: Rex Bookstore. Ahmed, M. (2009). Domestic Violence Cross Cultural Perspective. NY: Xlibris Corporation. Bowlus, A. J., Seitz, S. (2006). Domestic Violence, Employment, and Divorce. International Economic Review, 47(4), 1113-1149. Cane, P. Kritzer H. (2010). The Oxford handbook of empirical legal research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Davila, Y. (2005). Teaching nursing students to assess and intervene for domestic violence. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 2(1), 5-20. Forster, S. (2001). The Role of the Mental Health Nurse. London: Nelson Thornes. Gill, A. (2004). Voicing the Silent Fear: South Asian Women’s Experiences of Domestic Viol ence. Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(5), 465-483. Izzidian, S. (2008). â€Å"I can’t tell people what is happening at home† : domestic abuse within South Asian communities: the specific needs of women, children and young people. London: NSPCC. Hamberger, K. (2004). Domestic violence screening and intervention in medical and mental healthcare settings. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Humphrey, J. Campbell, J. (2010). Family Violence and Nursing Practice. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Kovner, R., Knickman J., Weisterfeld V (2011). Jonas and Kovner’s Health Care Delivery in the United States, 10th Edition. NY: Springer Publishing Company. Lawrence, L. (1994). Brave- and battered: Abuse turns South Asian women’s new lives upside down in U.S. Far Eastern Economic Review, 157, 48-49. Liao, M. (2006). Domestic violence among Asian Indian immigrant women: risk factors, acculturation, and intervention. Women Therapy, 29(1/2), 23-39. Lundy, K. Janes , S. (2009). Community health nursing: caring for the public’s health. NY: Jones Bartlett Learning. Nagelclerk, J. (2006). Leadership and Nursing Care Management. London: Elsevier Health Sciences. Shipway, L. (2004). Domestic violence: a handbook for health professionals. London: Routledge. Sokoloff, N. Pratt, C. (2005). Domestic violence at the margins: readings on race, class, gender, and culture. New Jersey Rutgers University Press. Stretch, J. (2003). Practicing social justice. London: Routledge. Timby, B. (2008). Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts. New Jersey: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. This research paper on Domestic Violence against South Asian Women was written and submitted by user Julien Patterson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Voter Habits Based On Demographics

Abstract In this paper I intend to evaluate the voting habits of the American public. I will look at how race, sex, education level, marital status, income level, current employment status, and age effects whether or not people vote. I am also going to examine which political parties these groups have historically voted for, why they vote for them, how this has changed over the years if it has changed at all, and why it has changed. I believe that from previous voting information you could fairly well predict the voters’ choices. I’m not saying you could foretell the outcome of upcoming elections, but you could figure out what to expect given the state of current affairs. I find this interesting because I didn’t know there were so many statistics out there on this. Many that I have looked at already are pretty surprising. It would give me a better foundation of understanding of how our country and society works. Understanding the world around me better will assist me for the rest of my life. Academically I think this is very important and relates to the future elections. For a true democracy people need to get out and vote. With this information we can see what groups aren’t being represented through a lack of voting and we can take action about this. They can be educated on the importance of voting and what a difference they can make. For my research I will need to find out a lot of statistics. Also I will need to know where they came from. Then I will need to find some information on how to evaluate all this information and what conclusions can be made about it. I will most likely find this information in studies and information included with the statistics. Body There are many differences that separate the American population. I am going to examine some of these differences in relation to voting and make some assumptions as to why these differences occur. These conjectures will be based on statistical numbers... Free Essays on Voter Habits Based On Demographics Free Essays on Voter Habits Based On Demographics Abstract In this paper I intend to evaluate the voting habits of the American public. I will look at how race, sex, education level, marital status, income level, current employment status, and age effects whether or not people vote. I am also going to examine which political parties these groups have historically voted for, why they vote for them, how this has changed over the years if it has changed at all, and why it has changed. I believe that from previous voting information you could fairly well predict the voters’ choices. I’m not saying you could foretell the outcome of upcoming elections, but you could figure out what to expect given the state of current affairs. I find this interesting because I didn’t know there were so many statistics out there on this. Many that I have looked at already are pretty surprising. It would give me a better foundation of understanding of how our country and society works. Understanding the world around me better will assist me for the rest of my life. Academically I think this is very important and relates to the future elections. For a true democracy people need to get out and vote. With this information we can see what groups aren’t being represented through a lack of voting and we can take action about this. They can be educated on the importance of voting and what a difference they can make. For my research I will need to find out a lot of statistics. Also I will need to know where they came from. Then I will need to find some information on how to evaluate all this information and what conclusions can be made about it. I will most likely find this information in studies and information included with the statistics. Body There are many differences that separate the American population. I am going to examine some of these differences in relation to voting and make some assumptions as to why these differences occur. These conjectures will be based on statistical numbers...

The Use of the Culture in the Expression of Customs of a Society Essay - 7

The Use of the Culture in the Expression of Customs of a Society - Essay Example I have come to know that the change in one walk of life makes an impact on all the other paths at the same time (West). Furthermore, the mythical characterization of the role models also changed as democracy was put into practice. As a matter of fact, the change in the lifestyle can easily be noted in the time of Hellenistic Greek. When I undertook comparison, I marked that different areas of the Greek culture allow understanding that literature was contributed with the newer subjects because every other field of interest was also changing. Through the above comparison of the analysis of the two eras and areas of culture, it came to my knowledge that each area was affected largely by the political changes and the way policy took place. The lifestyle of the Greeks was marginally changed as the democracy was put into practice. As a matter of fact, the change in the lifestyle can easily be noted in the time of Hellenistic Greek. When I undertook comparison, I marked that different areas of the Greek culture allow understanding that literature was contributed with the newer subjects because every other field of interest was also changing.

Past, Present, and Future Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Past, Present, and Future Paper - Essay Example It was a confusing situation at times. I knew that education and learning was important, but at the same time I really didn’t see how it related to real life. When I enrolled at the University of Phoenix, I felt that I had good basic communication skills. I was able to read and write well. I could comprehend complex texts and I could convey information that I learned clearly to others. I did know that I writing I struggled with spelling and grammar. This problem has plagued me for my whole life. In some ways I have always felt as though it wasn’t a big deal. I could always figure something out if I really needed to. I also felt that I was dependable and could work well with people on a team. In a way, I guess I entered the program feeling as though I had some weaknesses academically, but that they could be overcome. I was able to function fully in my job in the Human Resources department and felt competent in my professional life. Entering the program, my career goals w ere to obtain a more senior position within my current employment. I wanted to work my way up and be a specialist within the Human Resources department. I realized that I needed a proper degree to do this. I also began to watch how the senior members of my department communicated and worked with one another. I realized that there were some skills that I was lacking in addition to a degree. I could see that when I compared my current ability to communicate to their ability to communicate, I was found lacking. I resolved that I would gain the skills necessary to feel comfortable and confident when working with these senior members of the Human Resources department. I felt that if I could feel comfortable working with them, then I would be in a position to one-day hold a senior position as a Human Resources Specialist myself. When I began working on the Bachelors of Science in Management (BSM) degree at the University of Phoenix, it became clear that I was not nearly as prepared taking these classes as I thought. I discovered that my spelling and grammar that I knew was a weakness turned out to be much weaker than I thought. I found that just muddling through was not good enough any more so I grew determined to really improve my weaknesses so they could actually become strengths. I found the high level of expectations that was set for clear writing and concise communication to be challenging but helpful in my goal to improve. The feedback I received from professors and other students was very helpful. Collaborating with other students was a part of the course study that I really enjoyed and was actually where I learned the most about writing. I have always enjoyed working in a team atmosphere and felt that I could do it well. What I found at the University of Phoenix was that I actually got better at using collaboration as a tool for learning. I began to see how I could use the feedback from my peers to really improve a paper or to develop a new perspective on a problem that needed to be solved. Through this collaborative process, I feel that my abilities in information retrieval, communication, writing and oral communication skills have greatly improved. I feel that there are three specific classes that really helped me to improve in these areas. The first of these classes was my Skills For Professional Development class. I call this my wake-up call class, because it was in this class that I

The Role of Management and the Union in an Organization Essay Example for Free

The Role of Management and the Union in an Organization Essay Corporations are important members of the society as they are responsible for providing substantial input in terms of goods and services as well as adding to the growth of the country as a whole. The employees of a company are the only assets which do not have a monetary figure assigned to them yet the benefit accruing from the continued use of the employees is substantial. In a wide range of industries, the employees are members of trade unions which regulate the way in which organizations hire, fire and deal with employees including workplace conditions and wage rates etc. It is imperative that the organizations and the unions are aware of their roles and responsibilities because a lag by either one would lead to inefficiencies with respect to corporate functioning which would have a negative impact on the economy. The paper also seeks to explore various strategies which could be implemented by both the management and the unions which would allow them to regulate themselves properly as well as encourage the effective functioning of a relationship between the management and the union. The Role of Management in an Organization  As per the agency principle, the management of the company is charged with the role of managing the affairs of the company in a way which is beneficial to the interests of the shareholders. Therefore, in order fulfill the aforementioned requirement; the management is required to exercise various roles and responsibilities. According to Mintzberg, managers within a company exercise a range of roles which can be broken down into three main categories including: Interpersonal Roles As the name suggests, managers within a company need to be good with interpersonal skills and sharing of ideas and information. The roles described under this ambit include: i. Figurehead: A manager must be inspirational in his conduct and should have the characteristics of a leader i. e. charismatic and influential so that people are able to relate to him and abide by his instructions (â€Å"Mintzberg’s Management,† n. d. ). ii. Leader: Building on the above mentioned concept, managers are to act as leaders in their capacity i. e. the same concept applies to lower level managers and to the executives who set a tone of how the organization will operate in the future (â€Å"Mintzberg’s Management,† n. . ). iii. Liaison: A company is not a closed entity i. e. the company constantly has to interact with individuals and entities inside and outside the company; therefore it is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that effective and working relations exist between all major internal and external stakeholders of the company (â€Å"Mintzberg’s Management,† n. d. ). Informational Roles The managers also responsible for ensuring that adequate information is available and is flowing throughout all relevant sections of the organization. i.  Monitor: The corporate environment today is constantly evolving largely due to changes like globalization and the ever so strict financial constraints. In such a competitive environment, it is imperative for managers to keep a track of all changes to allow effective strategy formulation. It is also important for managers to seek out patterns in internal performance and report regularly to the concerned individuals for prompt action (Cieslinska, 2007). ii. Disseminator: The managers are required not only to track information but to disseminate the same to all the concerned people in a timely manner (Cieslinska, 2007). ii. Spokesperson: Lastly, it is important for managers to realize that they represent a brand name therefore, it is important for them to act in the same capacity i. e. they should be able to comm unicate the corporate values and beliefs to the outside world in an effective and influential manner (Cieslinska, 2007). Decisional Roles Not only is it important for managers to track and communicate information but it is even more important to make proper use of the information to make informed decisions. i.  Entrepreneur: Within the employment capacity, it is the job of every manager to manage a certain unit responsible for adding value to the overall corporation. Therefore. it is important for managers to have skills to resolve issues, generate innovative new ideas and assist in the effective implementation of the same (Cieslinska, 2007). ii. Disturbance Handler: It is impossible that an organization would run smoothly indefinitely i. e. there are bound to be obstacles and it is the responsibility of the manager to facilitate effective corporate functioning during these times (Cieslinska, 2007). ii. Resource Allocator: The resources that an organization has access to are always scarce, be it material or labor etc. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the managers to ensure that the resources ar e allocated efficiently (Cieslinska, 2007). iv. Negotiator: Lastly, based on the information that a manager possesses, it is important for the manager to negotiate favorable deals for the company with both internal and external stakeholders (Cieslinska, 2007). The Role of a Union in an Organization  Since employees are probably the most important asset of the company, trade or labor unions are formed in order to safeguard the interests of the same. The primary reasons why labor unions exist is to ensure that equal opportunities for employment exist throughout the company, that the employees operate in a healthy and safe working environment and that the employees are remunerated fairly for their efforts. Among the various responsibilities of labor unions, some of the important ones are as under: Wages All employees work for money and in return the employer extracts benefits through their services. It is important for organizations to realize the fact that the wages they pay should be proportional to the value they extract from the employees. It is the responsibility of labor unions to ensure that wage rates are adequate considering the environmental conditions like inflation and the consumer buying power, the time value of money i. e. $1 now will not be equal to $1 after a year; the labor unions today also take account of international trends with respect to labor wages in a particular industry and their negotiations are based on the results of the said analysis (Lacoma). Adequate Structure While the trade unions fight for the rights of their union members, it is important for the union itself to be structured properly i. e. the individuals who are the decisions makers and negotiators should be from among the workers, should have had an experience with how the industry operates. In addition, these members should be completely impartial from the company i. e. there should not exist any conflict of interest because the existence of the same would lead to decisions being made which would be in the best interests of either the industry or the employees (Lenin, 1922). A minimum of two (2) strategies/actions an organization can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with unions Employee voice: In order to maintain good relations with unions, it is important that there exists an effective employee voice in the company. The meaning of employee voice in this context is the fact that all decisions made by a company should take into account the interests of the employees. If the companies make an effort from the start, they limit themselves to negative criticism from the union itself and in fact motivate the employees to work for the company. The main reason behind the implementation of the strategy follows the premise that â€Å"prevention is better than remedy† i. e. it would be much more effective if the organizations took initiatives on their own as opposed to responding to claims presented by the unions which might be hostile and might cause a rift between the organization and the unions. It is absolutely imperative that the management maintain trust and confidence with the union so that no animosity exists. It is important for the management to realize that the unions are highly influential in most industries and therefore it would be in the best interests of the company to act in a manner which is acceptable to the union heads (Lenin, 1922). Labor Management Committees: Another effective strategy which can be implemented by the company is the formation of Labor Management Committees. These committees would contain members from both the management and the labor unions. The committee would be required to meet on a periodic basis and all issues which are sensitive to either the management or the union would be discussed in the meetings. The findings discussed in the meeting should be documented and communicated to all members concerned within the management as well as within the union. This would promote integration and encourage effective communication between the two groups. The involvement of labor union members in corporate decision making would also be held in high regard y the employees as they would perceive that the organization actually cares about their needs and wants and as a result considers the observations of the unions regularly (Cain). A minimum of two (2) strategies/actions a union can implement to create and maintain a conducive working relationship with management The above mentioned strategies deal with the initiatives the management can take however it is also important to consider the initiatives which can be implemented by the union itself. Frequent Appraisals of Union Heads: Within the labor unions there should be regular appraisals and evaluations of the union heads. It is important that this activity is carried out because if the unions are headed by individuals who are corrupt or are involved in collusive arrangements with the management, it would hamper the effective functioning of the union which would not only lead to the loss of confidence of the members on the functioning and credibility of the union, but would also lead to an inefficient employee employer relationship which could be devastating for the entire industry. New people should be given the opportunity to represent the union and there should be triggers in place within the union to highlight if a potential conflict of interest is likely to take place. The results of these appraisals should be communicated to the management on a timely manner so that there is a unanimously accepted practice that the unions are subject to appraisal and the individuals dealing on behalf of the union are credible and impartial individuals. Frequent Appraisals of Union Members: Another effective strategy which could be implemented by trade unions is conducting an appraisal of its members working for the company and should put in place measures to combat malpractice and unethical conduct. It is important to note that the policies enacted by the management and the practices put in place by the unions are both directed to achieve a perfect tradeoff between employee efforts and the employee remuneration. While the unions are concerned with the level and adequacy of remuneration, they should also ensure that the performance of the employees is up to the mark and that they are actually adding value to the organization rather than merely being a liability. This is important because it would help create harmony between unions and the management because the management would perceive that the unions actually investigate instances where the employees are at fault and their malpractices and misconduct are dealt with in a timely and effective anner. As an extreme resort, the unions might even provide recommendations to the management in case they believe that an employee is not up to the mark to ensure that the skills mix within the company is as per the complexity and requirements of the concerned corporation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the management need to ensure that the voice of the employees is heard especially during strategic planning so that strategies are formulated effectively. In addition, employers also should formulate committees designed specifically to address the concerns of labor unions so that an effective working relation is created. On the flip side, the labor unions can also seek to establish strategies including conducting appraisals of both the unit heads and the members of the union to ensure that there exists no conflict of interest at the head of the union and that any misconducts by the employees are dealt with a manner which is effective and prohibits future instances. These strategies can only function properly if the management and the union are aware of their responsibilities. It is important for both parties to realize that they are important members of the corporate world and an effective working relation between the two would help promote harmony at the corporate level which would be in the best interests of the overall economy.

An Analysis of Solipsism in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason Essay

An Analysis of Solipsism in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason My goal is to examine solipsism and discover how Immanuel Kant's Transcendental Idealism could be subject to a charge of being solipsistic. Following this, I will briefly review the destructive impact this charge would have on certain of Kant’s positions. After the case for solipsism is made, I intend to describe a possible line of rebuttal from Kant’s perspective that could be made to the charge. The issue of solipsism is intriguing in that it seems to be universally rejected as a basis of metaphysics. Yet, the modern tradition has had difficulty supporting this rejection. Antony Flew defines solipsism as, "The theory that I am the sole existent. To be a solipsist I must hold that I alone exist independently, and that what I ordinarily call the outside world exists only as an object or content of my consciousness" (330). According to solipsism, I see the world through my eyes. The world is only as I see it. Reality is only that which seems real to me. Knowledge is what I know. Egoism is the ethic. Politics and social conditions do not concern me. My pain is the only pain. My welfare is the only concern. As Rene Descartes stated in the second meditation, the contents of his mind seemed to be directly available to him. I am, however, a real thing, and really existent; but what thing? The answer was, a thinking thing...since it is now manifest to me that bodies themselves are not properly perceived by the senses nor by the faculty of imagination, but by the intellect alone; and since they are not perceived because they are seen and touched, but only because they are understood [or rightly comprehended by thought], I readily discover that there is ... ...he realm of appearances is sufficient to imply the necessity for rational beings to assume the existence of one’s own mind and other minds. Further, I believe from this basis one can refuse to accept the possibility that Kant’s Transcendental Idealism could be reduced to solipsism. Works Cited Descartes, Rene. "Meditations on the First Philosophy". The Rationalists. New York: Doubleday, 1960. 121-127. Flew, Antony. A Dictionary of Philosophy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1979. 330. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Practical Reason. Trans. Lewis White Beck. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993. 141-149. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Norman Kemp Smith. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1929. Kant, Immanuel. Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. Trans. T. K. Abbott. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988.